Liberal Demokratik Devletlerde Müslüman Kimliği Teorileri: “Özbilinçli Refleksivite” Yoluyla Müslüman Özerkliğinin Tanınması
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7495331Anahtar Kelimeler:
Demokratik teori,, İslam, Çokkültürlülük, Kimlik Politikaları,, Avrupa, LiberalizmÖzet
Bu makale, Batı’da yaşayan Müslümanlar üzerine yapılan çalışmalarda Müslüman kimliğine ilişkin çağdaş anlayışları incelemektedir. Batılı Müslüman kimliğinin çeşitli anlayışlarının iki ana perspektife ayrılabileceği iddia edilmektedir: (a) İslam’ı ve Müslümanları tek tip ve değişmez olarak
gören özcü perspektif; (b) Müslüman kimliğinin normatif ideallere dayanan yönlerini aşırı vurgulayan ve liberal ve muhafazakâr varyantları içeren düşünümsel yaklaşım. Her iki yaklaşım da İslami kimlik ve pratiği ulus-devletin egemen ideolojisine göre tanımlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu anlayışlara alternatif olarak, Müslüman kimliğinin çoğulluğunu tam olarak kavramak için hem ampirik gerçeklikleri hem de İslam’da reformun kaçınılmaz olmadığını dikkate alan öz-bilinçli düşünümselliğin gerekli olduğu öne sürülmektedir. Bu makale, liberal demokrasinin iki farklı modeli olan Fransa ve Kanada’yı incelemekte ve Müslüman kimliğinin çarpıtılmasında özcü ve refleksif anlatıların nasıl kullanıldığını göstermektedir
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